Dual?Gate Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Marine Sensing

Monitoring dissolved oxygen is essential to marine research, but the high redox potentials required drive sensing reactions have posed an ongoing instability issue in sensors. Here, a novel dual-gate configuration for organic electrochemical transistors that extends device stability window demonstrated. This paper presents sensor operating principle relates channel conductance on two gates. broadly applicable design allows large potential be applied between gates analytes, while synergistically modulating within lower range maintain of semiconductor. Specifically, achieves detection limit 0.3 ppm concentration seawater, with sensitivity 222 µA cm?2 ppm?1 concentrations below 5 ppm. The demonstrates reliable operation over days and capable monitoring oxygenation changes arising from photosynthesis cycles saltwater macro-algae. serves extend voltage improves stability. Thus, this new provides type compact, robust opportunities other fields ranging waste-water management bioelectronics.